all the rest of the bull — he shall carry outside the camp to a clean place, to the ash heap, and shall burn it up on a fire of wood. On the ash heap it shall be burned up.
Leviticus 4 sets out what happens when the anointed priest sins. This verse gives the last step: the rest of the bull leaves the camp and burns to ashes. Why send it outside instead of accepting it on the altar? And what does that say about the death of Christ?
The Whole Animal, Nothing Kept Back
"All the rest of the bull" goes out of the camp. That one instruction marks this offering off from the others.
William KellyThe witness is just as plain that it was a sin offering. Verses 11 and 12 show something quite different from the eating of the peace offering. It differs from the burnt offering too, which was burnt inside the court on the bronze altar. The sin offering had to be burnt outside the camp. It was holy, most holy, yet fully identified with the sin confessed on it. How all of this was more than fulfilled — raised to the highest degree on every side — in Him who suffered for our sins!
Why Outside the Camp
The camp was where God's people lived, close to the tent where He dwelt. Sending the body away from both places was a statement about where sin belongs.
The Bible TreasuryTaking it outside the camp was a sign: the victim, now identified with the offerer's evil, had to go far away from God. The camp was the place where the people of God were, as the sanctuary was where He Himself dwelt. To show this holy hatred of evil, the priest could not burn the sin offering near the sanctuary in the court, or even in the camp. He had to take it outside the camp and burn it solemnly there in a clean place.
Christ Took That Place
What does that outside place mean, and who went there?
Hamilton Smith"Outside the camp" is a place where there is no recognised relationship with God or man. It is seen either as the place of judgment from God, or as the place of reproach from man... The body of the sin offering burnt "outside the camp" is a fitting picture of God's holy judgment on sin. Into this place Jesus went. He suffered outside the camp, or, as the Word says, "outside the gate" — for when Christ died the city had taken the place of the camp. So that we might have the place of blessing inside the veil, He had to take our place of judgment outside the camp.
A Clean Place
The verse calls the spot "a clean place." It is not a rubbish heap.
H Forbes WitherbyIt was not burned on the altar, and not with the fire of acceptance. On the contrary, it was burned outside the camp. It counted as sin, and was in no sense a sweet aroma. Yet when what had been made sin was no more, its ashes were mingled with those of the burnt offering. In effect, the sacrifices were one.
What the Ashes Said to the Offerer
Nothing of the animal survives the fire. That carried a message to the man who brought it.
The Christian's FriendHow precise these directions, and how complete. Every part of the animal was to be burnt; nothing of it was to be preserved. Either to be burnt, or to be eaten; that was the command about it. Why was this? God was teaching here that the guilt was not charged to the sinner for the sin he had just brought the sacrifice for. The offerer laid his hand on the animal's head and confessed his sin over it. The victim was then charged with that sin, and once it was eaten or burnt the sin could no longer be found, for the victim carrying it was nowhere to be found.
Blood Inside, Body Outside
Earlier in the chapter the priest carries the blood in toward the sanctuary. Here he carries the body out.
C. H. MackintoshNow compare what was done with the "blood" with what was done with the "flesh" or "body" of the sacrifice. Two great branches of truth come into view: worship and discipleship. The blood brought into the sanctuary is the foundation of the first. The body burnt outside the camp is the foundation of the second.
Going Out to Him
The picture becomes a call to follow. But what the Christian carries outside is not what the victim carried.
Hamilton SmithWe are not called to go outside under the judgment of God. We are called to go outside under the reproach of men, and that to the fullest... We cannot share His sufferings at the hand of God, but it is our privilege to share the insults He received from the hands of men. He went outside the camp to bear our judgment: we go outside the camp to bear His reproach.
Summary
- Outside — sin cannot stay near where God dwells; the victim carrying it had to be put far away from Him.
- Outside for us — Christ took that place of judgment, so we could have the place of blessing inside the veil.
- Outside but clean — the spot was a clean place. The ashes of the sin offering mingled with the ashes of the burnt offering: one Christ, one work.
- Outside means finished — nothing of the animal survived the fire, and God did not charge the guilt to the offerer.
- Outside with Him — the blood carried in gives us worship. The body carried out calls us to discipleship: we share His reproach from men, never His judgment from God.