Long ago, at many times and in many ways, God spoke to our fathers by the prophets,
The letter to the Hebrews opens with no greeting and no author's name — the first word is God, and the first fact is that He has spoken. This verse tells us how God spoke before, and to whom.
The Missing Name
Paul's other letters all begin with his name. This one does not, and commentators see purpose in it.
Samuel RidoutReaders have often noticed that this letter opens differently from all of Paul's other letters. I have no doubt that Paul wrote it, though I do not argue that here. His usual greeting is missing. Two things pressed hard on the apostle: the theme that filled his mind and heart, and the needs of his readers. With so much to say, it would have been out of place for him to put himself forward. So instead of the familiar name "Paul" at the opening, we have the blessed God brought before us at once.
Another writer finds the reason in what this letter does with the word "apostle."
The Christian's FriendThis letter opens with no introduction or prelude. The usual style of Paul's letters (and I do not doubt he wrote this book) is absent, and for a beautiful reason. "Paul, an apostle of Jesus Christ" would have been out of place in a letter where Jesus Christ Himself is presented as the Apostle. The author of the book is out of sight; its subject stands out at once in glory.
Many Parts, Many Ways
The first words of the verse describe the shape of that older revelation. Where modern versions read "at many times and in many ways," commentators press the sense "in many parts and in many ways."
William KellyThe words that make up this grand opening are full of meaning, and they are true. In few words they show the character of what God said in the Old Testament. It could not be complete or final. It came piece by piece... He spoke "in many parts." His word came only in fragments. Each was perfect for its purpose, but it was not the fullness He meant to give when the right moment came. God used many different persons in that work, and He used "many ways" of revealing too: open speech to Moses, and usually visions and dreams to others.
The fragmentary character was not a failure of method. It reflected what was still missing.
Samuel RidoutGod has spoken in the past in many parts; that is, we have to gather the sum of His truth from many portions of His Word. He had to give partial revelations. A full and complete revelation was not possible yet. It had to wait for One who could hold in Himself all that God was.
The Channels God Used
God did not use one kind of messenger only. He sent a line of them, each suited to a moment.
Hamilton SmithIn times past God spoke to the fathers of Israel at various times and in various ways. God had spoken by Moses, asserting in the law His claims on man. At other times God had spoken by angels in His providential ways with His people. Later, God had spoken by the prophets to call a rebellious people back to Himself. Scripture mentions the prophets in particular, because they came just before the Son.
Genuine, Yet Incomplete
Calling the earlier word partial takes nothing from it. But treating it as final was the mistake Israel made.
Leslie M. GrantThis was real revelation, but God kept adding to it. So it stayed partial, and it was in no sense a complete revelation of God. Note too that God was free to choose any way He wished to speak. Israel knew this well. When their Messiah came, they should have expected a revelation just as distinct, and worthy of so great a God. Instead they were set on limiting God by their own ideas and tying Him to human tradition.
One Speaker Throughout
The verse does not set the old against the new. The same God stands behind both, and the change is in how He speaks, not in who He is.
J. N. DarbyGod had spoken to the fathers by the prophets at different times and in different ways. Now those days had come to an end. They were the days of God's dealings with Israel, the age in which the law should have held force... God had spoken in the Person of the Son. There is no break to begin a wholly new system. The God who had spoken before by the prophets now went on to speak in Christ.
Only the Son Was Enough
A messenger can carry a message. Only one Person could be the message.
W. H. WestcottThe time came for God to set aside partial revelations of Himself. To show all that He is, He spoke in the One who is Son. No one else could do it. No prophet on earth and no angel in heaven could bring to light all that is in the heart of God, or express all His character... The Son was the language in which God spoke.
Summary
- God spoke. The letter begins with God, not a writer's name. Attention falls on the message and its Subject, not the messenger.
- He spoke in pieces. God's older word came in many parts and many ways. It was real revelation, but it came in pieces, because no full disclosure was possible yet.
- He spoke through servants. Moses, angels, prophets — each one suited to a moment. The prophets come last, because they lead up to the Son.
- He spoke without a break. The same God who used the prophets went on to speak in Christ; this is continuation, not a rival system.
- He spoke fully at last. What prophets could only carry, the Son could be — He is the language in which God finally said everything.