A wise man's heart inclines him to the right, but a fool's heart to the left.
Ecclesiastes 10 leaves the personal, searching tone of the earlier chapters and turns to short, sharp sayings about wisdom and folly. The picture of a heart placed at the right hand or the left asks what makes one man's judgment work while another's fails.
The Setting: Short Sayings on Wisdom and Folly
The book changes style here, and that shapes how we read the verse.
William KellyThis chapter, and those that follow, differ from the ones before. They drop almost entirely the language of personal experience. Only the close of chapter 12 returns to it, and it fits there as the conclusion of the book. The rest gives us short, pointed sayings that confirm the argument of the book. They warn against indulging folly even in the smallest thing. They commend wisdom in practical matters, for every class, subjects or rulers, in public life as in private, in word as well as deed.
The Picture: A Heart Moved to the Right Hand
The image is not anatomy but readiness. One writer sets the heart's natural side against the place wisdom gives it.
William KellyBy nature the heart is literally at the left hand. Wisdom, in a figure, gives it a quite different place, ready for prompt and effective action whenever action is needed.
The Fool: Slow to Grasp, Clumsy in Action
The other half of the verse is not stupidity in the abstract. It shows in ordinary daily life.
William KellyThe fool is slow to grasp what a principle means, and his plans are clumsy and useless. More than that, even in ordinary daily life, he never sees the right thing at the right time.
Reputation: Watched for a Slip
A man known for wisdom draws watchers who look for a slip.
William KellyMen who stand out from others for their reputed wisdom draw the fault-finding of people far inferior in weight or worth. Such people cultivate the cheap skill of spying out a flaw to run them down. So it is important to cut off the opportunity from those who look for one.
Joseph: The Verse in a Life
One writer applies the saying to Joseph. Sold as a slave into an Egyptian house, he ended up managing everything his master owned.
William KellyAs he was faithful in the least, his master promoted him to greater tasks and far more honourable ones. "And he set him over his house, and all that was his he put into his hand." This was no small place of service. It meant running an immense household. The work was large, varied, and new to him, for he had been brought into it so recently and so strangely. Yet "Jehovah blessed the Egyptian's house for Joseph's sake; and the blessing of Jehovah was on all that was his in house and in field." For "A wise man's heart is at his right hand," says Solomon.
The quotations there follow an older translation. The ESV reads, "A wise man's heart inclines him to the right."
The Limits of This Wisdom
Commentators differ on how much weight these sayings carry. One writer compares them with the book of Proverbs and finds a difference in kind.
Arno Clemens GaebeleinThis chapter contains a series of proverbs, expressing the wisdom and prudence of the natural man. Here are many observations, and all of them show that wisdom has a practical value and certain advantages. These sayings are of a different kind from the proverbs in the book before it. There we are face to face with the wisdom which is from above, here it is the wisdom of man. The name of the Lord is not mentioned once.
Where the Book Lands
Even so, the contrast does not hang in the air. One writer carries it through to the book's conclusion.
J. N. DarbyWe see too in Ecclesiastes 9 and 10 how little anything here answers to what man seems capable of. Even when that capacity is real, people value it little. Still, the wisdom of the upright and the folly of the fool each have their own consequences, and, after all, God judges. To sum up the whole: we must remember God, and do it before weakness and old age overtake us.
Summary
- Placed. Wisdom moves the heart from where nature puts it to the working hand. It is ready to act the moment action is needed.
- Slow. The fool's heart stays on the left. He is slow to grasp a principle, clumsy in what he tries, and never sees the right thing at the right time.
- Watched. Lesser people watch a man with a name for wisdom, hunting a flaw. So the wise cut off the opportunity before it appears.
- Proved. Joseph shows the verse in flesh and blood. He was faithful in the least, trusted with everything, and blessing spread through the whole house because of him.
- Judged. These sayings belong to life under the sun, where people value wisdom little. Yet wisdom and folly each carry consequences, and God judges — so remember Him before old age comes.