“‘Cursed be anyone who perverts the justice due to the sojourner, the fatherless, and the widow.’ And all the people shall say, ‘Amen.’
This is the fifth of twelve curses shouted from Mount Ebal as Israel entered the land. It falls on anyone who twists the law against a foreigner, an orphan, or a widow — and the whole nation had to say "Amen" to a curse that could fall on their own heads.
The Victims Who Cannot Fight Back
The three people named here share one thing: none of them has anyone to stand up for them. That is exactly what makes the offence so serious.
Leslie M. GrantA fifth curse is against one who perverts justice in regard to the stranger, fatherless and widow (v.19). Such victims have no means of protecting themselves, and to take advantage of them is again cold hearted cruelty which God will judge.
Sins That Slip Past Human Courts
The list of curses leans toward wrongs no witness is likely to report.
Numerical Bible NotesObvious crimes bring the legal penalty, but the more secret and polished wrongs meet with the curse. This shows that God will visit such sinners in any case. It also strikes the hypocrite with terror about his works done in the dark.
God Takes It Personally
Why these three? The answer is in what God Himself is like.
C. H. MackintoshHe is high over all — the great, the mighty, the One to be feared. But He has a heart for the widow and the fatherless: people left helpless, stripped of every earthly and natural support, the poor grieving, broken-hearted widow and the orphan left all alone. God thinks of such people and cares for them in a very special way. They have a claim on His loving heart and mighty hand.
Human courts often run the other way.
Leslie M. GrantThis great God of Israel shows no partiality and takes no bribe. He administers justice for the fatherless and the widow, and shows love toward strangers. Most rulers in the world today are the complete opposite! Law courts often show a sad disregard for justice. The poor usually suffer gross injustice, while the wealthy use their money to twist court rulings in their own favor.
The People Sign Their Own Sentence
Israel did not just listen. They agreed out loud, and their agreement covered more than they realised.
H. Forbes WitherbyThe Levites read the curses out in a loud voice. As each curse for disobedience sounded in Israel's ears, the hundreds of thousands gathered on Mount Ebal answered with one united "Amen." Twelve times they said "Amen" to the twelve curses, and the twelfth — "Cursed be anyone who does not confirm the words of this law by doing them" — covered every possible neglect or failure they could be capable of. They read the blessings too (Joshua 8:33-34), but Scripture says nothing about any Amens sounding from Mount Gerizim.
Only One Mountain Speaks
Moses posted six tribes to bless and six to curse. Yet in the record, one side of that valley says nothing.
William KellyWhere are the blessings? Nowhere. Nothing remains but the curses. Isn't that solemn?... Moses told half the tribes to take one mountain and pronounce the blessing, and the other half to pronounce the curse. But once it was all carried out, Scripture had nothing to record except the curse, without a word of the blessing. When we come to the law's actual working out, man cannot find blessing from it in God's presence.
The Altar on the Cursed Mountain
Moses had also commanded an altar on that same hill, right beside the stones that carried the law.
Numerical Bible NotesSo right beside this monument of the law — as if God would not have the connection mistaken even then — they were to build their altar. They were to offer their burnt offerings and their peace offerings, and to rejoice before God on that dreaded mountain itself. They could do this, because the law itself sanctified this worship: the death of the victim upheld the righteousness of the law.
The curse is not the last word:
Hamilton SmithAbove all, Christ has redeemed us from the curse by being made a curse for us; for it is written, "Cursed is everyone who is hanged on a tree" (Deut. 21:23). Christ bears our curse that we might receive blessing, and the promise of the Spirit, through faith in Christ.
Summary
- Defenceless. The stranger, the orphan and the widow have no way to protect themselves. Cheating them is cold-hearted cruelty, and God will judge it.
- Hidden. This curse sits among sins done in the dark. God curses what courts miss, so no one can treat secrecy as safety.
- His heart. The high and mighty God has a heart for the grieving and the alone. They have a claim on Him, whatever human judges do.
- Amen. Israel said "Amen" twelve times. The last curse swept in every failure they could commit, so they agreed to their own sentence.
- Silence, then the altar. Ebal spoke; Gerizim never did — law can only curse. Yet an altar stood on that same hill, and Christ, made a curse for us, is what it meant.