for “‘In him we live and move and have our being’; as even some of your own poets have said, “‘For we are indeed his offspring.’
Paul spoke in a city full of altars and philosophers. He told them God is not far off, and used their own poets to argue against the idols all around him.
Total Dependence in Three Words
Each phrase of the verse marks a different layer of our reliance on God:
Leslie M. GrantIn fact, man's very existence is bound up with God, however little he realizes it. "In Him we live:" He is the source of our life; "and move:" He sustains all of our activities; "and have our being:" our existence is totally dependent upon Him.
Nearness That Never Lets Go
One writer draws out how complete that hold on us is, and notes what Paul is not discussing here:
Numerical Bible NotesHe surrounds us — in Him we live and move and are! The last of these says it most fully. He sustains us. He carries us, more completely than an infant in its mother's arms, for His arms never open to let go... He is not here considering the effect of the fall, nor yet man's responsibility, but the place given him in God's design. From there he will be better able to judge how far he has departed.
Yet closeness is not the whole truth about Him:
F. B. HoleThe words "in Him we live and move and have our being" show how near God is. Yet Paul preached Him as the One above all, the Lord of heaven and earth.
The Poets They Already Knew
The quoted line was not invented for the sermon. It came from writings the audience could check for themselves:
William KellyThe apostle rises far above natural philosophy. He views man in his relation to God, with an awareness of it that no other living being on earth has... Revealed truth states that relation in the clearest terms, and its echo sounded even where the true God was not known. So the apostle could quote the Greeks themselves, centuries before he spoke: "For we are indeed his offspring." These exact words appear in the astronomical poem of Aratus, a Cilician like himself, the Phaenomena, which still exists today. They appear again, with only one letter different, in the Stoic Cleanthes' hymn to Zeus, which also still exists.
There is an irony in the choice of witness:
William KellySo the apostle turns the admission of their own poets against themselves, or more exactly against their idolatry. Strange to say, the poets, however fanciful, are wiser than the philosophers. How often they stumble in their dreams on truths they would never have imagined!
Offspring, Not Yet Children
"Offspring" means we come from God as creatures. It is not the same as being His children:
F. B. HoleOnly by faith in Christ Jesus do we become children of God, but all men are His offspring as His creatures. This being so, we ought not to think of God as something less than ourselves, or as the work of our own hands; and we should be those who seek after Him.
One writer traces this back to how man was made:
William KellyScripture derives the soul of man, as man, from the inbreathing of God, apart from His dealings of saving mercy in Christ. In this sense, as the apostle applied it (Acts 17:28), all men, even the heathen, are His offspring. In Him all live.
The Argument That Ends Idolatry
Paul builds on a point his hearers already accepted:
C. E. StuartIf we are the offspring of God, as the Athenians boasted, idol-worship must be wrong. The Deity could not be like an image of stone, wood, or metal. If men are the offspring of God, God cannot be like a lifeless idol. The deduction was plain indeed. No one could refute it. It dealt a death-blow to idolatry.
Paul presses the point gently rather than with scorn:
William KellyIf man alone of the creatures on earth is God's offspring, how can anyone maintain that the divinity is like a work of man's craft and imagination in gold, silver, or stone? "We ought not" to think so, he says graciously... A lifeless block that man shapes cannot be, or properly represent, the God who made him and all things.
Summary
- Source. "In Him we live" — God is the origin of life. "Move" — He sustains all our activity. "Have our being" — our existence depends wholly on Him.
- Sustainer. He surrounds and carries us more closely than a mother holds her child, because His arms never open.
- Near. God is close to every person. Yet Paul preached Him as Lord of heaven and earth, not a God the world contains.
- Kin by creation. All men are His offspring as creatures, since God breathed the soul of man into him. Only faith in Christ Jesus makes anyone His child.
- Therefore no idols. Since we come from God, God cannot be something we manufacture. Paul drew that conclusion from Athens' own poets, Aratus and Cleanthes, who proved wiser than its philosophers.